Saturday, May 3, 2025

Mosiah 2 annotated

From https://www.mobom.org/bm-kjv-and-je-mosiah-2


Annotation of Mosiah 2 – preliminary

Mosiah 2 is a good example because it shows that a high percentage of Joseph Smith’s language is also KJV language. Few of the KJV words/phrases are not also found in Edwards, including the so-called "blended" passages.

The blue D&C words/phrases in the annotation are nonbiblical and also not found in Edwards. In some cases noted below, the nonbiblical language is close to Edwards (e.g., plural instead of singular). There are several examples in the Book of Mormon and D&C of paraphrased or misquoted passages from the KJV that are identical to paraphrased or misquoted KJV passages in Edwards' works.

The red words/phrases are nonbiblical D&C wording that are also found in Edwards' works.

Purple are biblical or nonbiblical D&C words/phrases similar to Edwards.

Passages where the Lord is speaking directly are generally not found in Edwards.

Naturally, Edwards is not the only person who ever used this nonbiblical Book of Mormon terminology. English is a common language or we couldn't understand one another. But the ready availability of Edwards' works in Palmyra during Joseph's youth indicates that Edwards was a possible source for Joseph's vocabulary that he used when translating the plates and receiving revelations. Passages with the Lord’s personal pronouns obviously are not usually found in Edwards.

Bold = KJV 

Blue = nonbiblical BofM/D&C w/o JE (If unique to this instance, no footnote is given)

Red = nonbiblical BofM/D&C and JE 

Purple = biblical/nonbiblical BofM/D&C similar to JE

 

 

 

 

Chapter 2

 

King Benjamin addresses his people—He recounts the equity, fairness, and spirituality of his reign—He counsels them to serve their Heavenly King—Those who rebel against God will suffer anguish like unquenchable fire. About 124 B.C.

 

1 And it came to pass that after Mosiah had done as his father had commanded him, and had made a proclamation[1] throughout all the land[2], that the people gathered themselves[3] together[4] throughout all the land, that they might go up[5] to the temple to hear the words[6] which king Benjamin should speak[7] unto them.

2 And there were a great number[8], even so many[9] that they did not number them[10]; for they had multiplied exceedingly[11] and waxed great[12] in the land.

3 And they also took of the firstlings of their flocks[13], that they might offer sacrifice[14] and burnt offerings[15] according to the law of Moses[16];

4 And also that they might give thanks[17] to the Lord their God, who had brought them out of the land[18] of Jerusalem, and who had delivered them out of the hands[19] of their enemies[20], and had appointed just men[21] to be their teachers, and also a just man[22] to be their king, who had established peace[23] in the land of Zarahemla, and who had taught them to keep the commandments[24] of God, that they might rejoice[25] and be filled with love[26] towards God[27] and all men[28].

5 And it came to pass that when they came up to the temple, they pitched their tents[29] round about, every man according to his family[30], consisting of his wife, and his sons, and his daughters, and their sons, and their daughters, from the eldest down to the youngest, every family being separate one from another[31].

6 And they pitched their tents round about the temple, every man having his tent with the door thereof[32] towards the temple, that thereby they might remain in their tents and hear the words which king Benjamin should speak unto them;

7 For the multitude being[33] so great that king Benjamin could not teach them all within the walls of the temple, therefore he caused a tower to be erected, that thereby his people might hear the words which he should speak unto them.

8 And it came to pass that he began to speak to his people from the tower; and they could not all hear his words because of the greatness of the multitude; therefore he caused that[34] the words which he spake should be written and sent forth among[35] those that were not under the sound of his voice, that they might also receive his words.

9 And these are the words which he spake and caused to be written, saying: My brethren, all ye that have assembled yourselves[36] together, you that can hear my words which I shall speak unto you this day; for I have not commanded you to come up hither[37] to trifle[38] with the words[39] which I shall speak, but that you should hearken[40] unto me, and open your ears that ye may hear, and your hearts that ye may understand[41], and your minds that the mysteries of God[42] may be unfolded[43] to your view[44].

10 I have not commanded you to come up hither that ye should fear me, or that ye should think that I of myself[45] am more than a mortal man[46].

11 But I am like as yourselves, subject to all manner of infirmities[47] in body and mind[48]; yet I have been chosen by this people[49], and consecrated by my father, and was suffered by the hand of the Lord[50] that I should be a ruler and a king over this people; and have been kept and preserved[51] by his matchless power[52], to serve you with all the might, mind and strength[53] which the Lord hath granted unto me.

12 I say unto you that as I have been suffered to spend my days in your service[54], even up to this time, and have not sought gold nor silver nor any manner of riches[55] of you;

13 Neither have I suffered[56] that ye should be confined in dungeons, nor that ye should make slaves one of another[57], nor that ye should murder, or plunder[58], or steal, or commit adultery; nor even have I suffered that ye should commit any manner of wickedness[59], and have taught you that ye should keep the commandments of the Lord, in all things which he hath commanded you—

14 And even I, myself, have labored with mine own hands[60] that I might serve you, and that ye should not be laden with taxes, and that there should nothing come upon you which was grievous to be borne[61]—and of all these things which I have spoken, ye yourselves are witnesses this day.

15 Yet, my brethren, I have not done these things that I might boast, neither do I tell these things that thereby I might accuse you; but I tell you these things that ye may know that I can answer a clear conscience[62] before God this day.

16 Behold, I say unto you that because I said unto you that I had spent my days in your service, I do not desire to boast, for I have only been[63] in the service of God[64].

17 And behold, I tell you these things[65] that ye may learn wisdom[66]; that ye may learn that when ye are in the service of your fellow beings[67] ye are only in the service of your God.

18 Behold, ye have called me your king; and if I, whom ye call your king, do labor to serve you, then ought not ye to labor to serve one another[68]?

19 And behold also, if I, whom ye call your king, who has spent his days[69] in your service, and yet has been in the service of God, do merit[70] any thanks[71] from you, O how you ought to thank your heavenly King[72]!

20 I say unto you, my brethren, that if you should render[73] all the thanks and praise[74] which your whole soul[75] has power to possess[76], to that God who has created you[77], and has kept and[78] preserved you[79], and has caused that ye should rejoice, and has granted that ye should live in peace[80] one with another[81]

21 I say unto you that if ye should serve him who has created you from the beginning, and is preserving[82] you from day to day[83], by lending you breath, that ye may live and move[84] and do according to your own will, and even supporting you from one moment[85] to another—I say, if ye should serve him with all your whole souls[86] yet ye would be unprofitable[87] servants[88].

22 And behold, all that he requires of[89] you is to keep his commandments[90]; and he has promised you that if ye would keep his commandments ye should prosper in the land[91]; and he never doth[92] vary from[93] that which he hath said; therefore, if ye do keep his commandments he doth bless[94] you and prosper you.

23 And now, in the first place[95], he hath created you, and granted[96] unto you your lives, for which ye are indebted[97] unto him.

24 And secondly[98], he doth require[99] that ye should do as he hath commanded you; for which if ye do, he doth immediately bless you; and therefore he hath paid you. And ye are still indebted[100] unto him, and are, and will be[101], forever and ever; therefore, of what have ye to boast?

25 And now I ask, can ye say aught of yourselves? I answer you, Nay. Ye cannot say that ye are even as much as the dust of the earth[102]; yet ye were created of the dust of the earth; but behold, it belongeth to him who created you.

26 And I, even I, whom ye call your king, am no better than[103] ye yourselves are; for I am also of the dust[104]. And ye behold that I am old, and am about to yield up[105] this mortal frame to its mother earth[106].

27 Therefore, as I said unto you that I had served you, walking with[107] a clear conscience before God, even so I at this time have caused that ye should assemble yourselves[108] together, that I might be found blameless[109], and that your blood[110] should not come upon me[111], when I shall stand to be judged[112] of God[113] of the things whereof he hath commanded me concerning you.

28 I say unto you that I have caused that ye should assemble yourselves together that I might rid my garments[114] of your blood, at this period of time[115] when I am about to go[116] down to my grave[117], that I might go down in peace, and my immortal spirit[118] may join the choirs above in singing the praises[119] of a just God[120].

29 And moreover, I say unto you that I have caused that ye should assemble yourselves together, that I might declare unto you that I can no longer be your teacher, nor your king;

30 For even at this time[121], my whole frame[122] doth tremble exceedingly[123] while attempting to[124] speak unto you; but the Lord God doth support me, and hath suffered me that I should speak unto you, and hath commanded me that I should declare unto you[125] this day, that my son Mosiah is a king and a ruler over you.

31 And now, my brethren, I would that ye should do as ye have hitherto done[126]. As ye have kept my commandments, and also the commandments of my father, and have prospered[127], and have been kept from[128] falling into the hands[129] of your enemies[130], even so if ye shall keep the commandments of my son, or the commandments of God which shall be delivered unto you by him, ye shall prosper in the land, and your enemies shall have no power[131] over you[132].

32 But, O my people, beware lest[133] there shall arise contentions[134] among[135] you, and ye list to obey[136] the evil spirit[137], which was spoken of[138] by my father Mosiah.

33 For behold, there is a wo pronounced[139] upon him who listeth to obey[140] that spirit; for if he listeth to obey him, and remaineth and dieth in his sins[141], the same drinketh damnation[142] to his own soul[143]; for he receiveth for his wages[144] an everlasting punishment[145], having transgressed the law of God contrary to[146] his own knowledge[147].

34 I say unto you, that there are not any among you, except it be your little children that have not been taught concerning these things[148], but what knoweth that ye are eternally[149] indebted to your heavenly Father[150], to render to[151] him all that you have[152] and are; and also have been taught concerning[153] the records which contain the prophecies which have been spoken by the holy prophets, even down to the time[154] our father, Lehi, left Jerusalem;

35 And also, all that has been spoken by our fathers until now. And behold, also, they spake that which was commanded them of the Lord; therefore, they are just and true[155].

36 And now, I say unto you, my brethren, that after ye have known and have been taught[156] all these things, if ye should transgress and go contrary[157] to that which has been spoken, that ye do withdraw yourselves[158] from the Spirit of the Lord, that it may have no place in[159] you to guide you[160] in wisdom’s paths[161] that ye may be blessed, prospered, and preserved

37 I say unto you, that the man that doeth this, the same cometh out in[162] open rebellion[163] against God; therefore he listeth to obey the evil spirit, and becometh an enemy to all righteousness[164]; therefore, the Lord has no place in[165] him, for he dwelleth not in unholy temples[166].

38 Therefore if that man repenteth not, and remaineth and dieth an enemy to God[167], the demands of[168] divine justice[169] do awaken his immortal soul[170] to a lively sense[171] of his own guilt[172], which doth cause him to shrink[173] from the presence of the Lord[174], and doth fill his breast with guilt, and pain, and anguish[175], which is like an unquenchable fire[176], whose flame ascendeth up forever and ever[177].

39 And now I say unto you, that mercy hath no claim[178] on that man; therefore his final doom[179] is to endure a never-ending torment[180].

40 O, all ye old men, and also ye young men, and you little children who can understand[181] my words, for I have spoken plainly[182] unto you that ye might understand[183], I pray that ye should awake to[184] a remembrance[185] of the awful[186] situation[187] of those that have fallen into[188] transgression[189].



[1] OT (9) BM (17) DC (8) JE (50)

[2] OT (18) NT (1) BM (32) PBP (1) JE (5)

[3] “gathered themselves” OT (34) NT (1) BM (10) JE (5)

[4] “people gathered themselves together” OT (4) BM (1)

[5] BM (2)

[6] OT (10) NT (1) BM (12) DC (1) JE (21)

[7] OT (1) NT (1) BM (17) DC (1) JE (38)

[8] OT (2) NT (2) BM (5) JE (110)

[9] BM (4)

[10] OT (6) BM (5) DC (1) JE (1)

[11] OT (1) BM (2)

[12] OT (3) BM (1) JE (2)

[13] BM (1) PGP (1)

[14] OT (1) BM (3) JE (20)

[15] OT (83) NT (3) BM (5) JE (78)

[16] OT (1) NT (1) BM (8) JE (6)

[17] OT (28) NT (7) BM (10) DC (2) JE (39)

[18] OT (4) BM (2) JE (3)

[19] OT (3) BM (31) DC (1) JE (65)

[20] “hands  of their enemies” OT (1) BM (17) DC (1) JE (13)

[21] OT (1) NT (2) BM (5) DC (2) JE (59)

[22] OT (6) NT (4) BM (7) DC (2) PGP (1) JE (35)

[23] BM (3) JE (2)

[24] OT (7) NT (3) BM (39) DC (2) PGP (1) JE (15)

[25] BM (2) JE (2) JE: “he created it that they might rejoice in his glory”

[26] BM (2) JE (10) JE: “have their hearts filled with love to God”

[27] BM (3) DC (1) JE (200)

[28] “towards God and all men” BM (1)

[29] OT (1) BM (9) JE (1)

[30] BM (3) DC (2)

[31] OT (4) NT (1) BM (5) DC (1) JE (140) NT: “ he shall separate them one from another” (Matthew 25:32) JE : “those that were on earth were separated one from another”

[32] BM (2)

[33] NT (1) BM (1)

[34] BM (30) JE (1) JE: “when God first caused it to thunder, he caused that individual sound to be made”

[35] BM (3) JE (1)

[36] BM (1) DC (8)

[37] OT (1) NT (2) BM (3) DC (4) JE (3)

[38] BM (1) DC (3) JE (15)

[39] OT (3) BM (3) JE (50)

[40] BM (1) JE (8) JE” “God expected that men should hearken to his prophets…”

[41] OT (1) NT (1) BM (3) DC (6) JE (50)

[42] NT (1) BM (8) DC (3)

[43] BM (4) DC (4) JE (30) JE: “The mysteries that are in it, and the mysteries of God's Providence, will be all unfolded” “the time is coming when these mysteries will all be unfolded

[44] BM (1) JE (5) JE: “'tis of necessity that you have your sins in your view

[45] NT (12) BM (17) DC (1) PGP (2) JE (70) NT : « neither came I of myself, but he sent me” (John 8:42)

[46] BM (1) JE (2) JE: “Much less a being subject to so many INFIRMITIES, as a MORTAL man.”

[47] BM (1) JE: ““Much less a being subject to so many INFIRMITIES, as a MORTAL man.”

[48] BM (1) JE (25) JE: “on the contrary, the weakness of body and mind , and distempers of body, makes persons abundantly more susceptive of such impressions.”

[49] BM (2)

[50] OT (36) NT (3) BM (26) DC (2) JE (20)

[51] BM (10)

[52] BM (6)

[53] “might, mind and strength” BM (3) DC (5) “mind and strength” BM (3) DC (5) JE (2) JE: “we should love and adore him with all our heart, soul, mind and strength” “The chief and most fundamental of all the commands of the moral law, requires us "to love the Lord our God with all our hearts and with all our souls, with all our strength, and all our mind": that is plainly, with all that is within us, or to the utmost capacity of our nature: all that belongs to, or is comprehended within the utmost extent or capacity of our heart and soul, and mind and strength, is required”

[54] BM (3) JE (1)

[55] BM (2)

[56] OT (1) BM (3)

[57] OT (1) NT (8) BM (1) DC (1) JE (130)

[58] BM (12) JE (10)

[59] BM (11) JE (20) JE: “Everyone hopes for heaven, but if everyone that hoped for heaven ever got there, heaven by this time would have been full of murderers, adulterers, common swearers, drunkards, thieves, robbers, and licentious debauchers. It would have been full of all manner of wickedness and wicked men, such as the earth abounds with at this day.” “They are sure they should go to heaven when they die notwithstanding, because they have believed in Christ and trusted in him for salvation; and then the gospel will be nothing else but an encouragement to licentiousness, and opens a door for all manner of wickedness.” “Hosea 9:15. "All their wickedness."] I am ready to think that this is what is intended by the phrase, "All wickedness of theirs is in Gilgal," and that itבַּגִּלְגָּל כֶּל־רָעָתָם ought to have been so translated, i.e. "there is all manner of wickedness of theirs in Gilgal," the word Cōl only signifying the greatness of the wickedness they committed there.”

[60] BM (5) DC (1) PGP (2) JE (1) JE: « I have respect to the reproach your false teachers cast upon me, as though I were weak, and cowardly, and mean-spirited (Compare 1 Corinthians 2:3.), and ascribe my not taking wages, and working with mine own hands , and other parts of my conduct, to that”

[61] NT (2) BM (5)

[62] BM (2) JE (2) JE: “I have yielded to them from time to time in every thing wherein I could do it with a clear conscience.”

[63] BM (1) JE (40)

[64] OT (1) NT (2) BM (2) DC (1) JE (120)

[65] BM (4) DC (2)

[66] BM (6) DC (2) JE (1) JE : « Proverbs 27:22. "Folly is naturally so rooted and confirmed in men that if God leaves them to themselves, let what will be done with them, they will not learn wisdom ." “Though thou shouldest bray a fool in a mortar among wheat with a pestle, yet will not his foolishness depart from him.”

(Proverbs 27:22)

[67] BM (2) DC (1)

[68] “serve one another” NT (1) BM (2) JE (8)

[69] BM (1) JE (1)

[70] BM (2) JE (480) JE: “for which you merit the thanks of all British subjects and Christians in these parts and especially of missionaries to the Indians.” “in many things we offend all and Instead of doing that Which merits thanks of God they merit his displeasure and Wrath”

[71] OT (36) NT (37) BM (24) DC (3) JE (260)

[72] BM (1) JE (4) JE : « After four thousand years, Christ left the court of the heavenly King , and visited his brethren here on earth.”

[73] OT (24) NT (9) BM (3) DC (6) PGP (1) JE (300+) JE : « I would by this, dear Sir, in particular render thanks to you.”

[74] BM (1) JE (1) JE : « If some take offense and Scoff at what you have done, many more I hope both with you and us are giving Thanks and praise to God.”

[75] OT (1) BM (5) JE (80)

[76] BM (2)

[77] BM (3)

[78] « kept and preserved » BM (10)

[79] “preserved you” BM (3) JE (10)

[80] NT (1) BM (1) JE (20)

[81] “live in peace one with another” BM (1) JE (2) JE: “Particularly, let us of this congregation and of this town do what in us lies, if it be possible, to live in peace one with another. Nothing is more dreadful than contention in any society; innumerable are the evils that are brought into a place by it.”

[82] BM (1) JE (2)

[83] OT (5) NT (1) BM (10) JE (180)

[84] NT (1) BM (1`) DC (1) JE (15) NT: « For in him we live, and move, and have our being” (Acts 17:28)

 

[85] BM (1)

[86] BM (2) JE (15)

[87] OT (1) NT (6) BM (2) JE (130)

[88] “Unprofitable servants” NT (1) BM (1) JE (7)

[89] BM (1) DC (1) JE (75)

[90] OT (14) NT (4) BM (18) DC (2) JE (80)

[91] BM (21) JE (1)

[92] BM (1) JE (4) JE : « That is certain, that a man never doth anything but what he can do.”

[93] BM (3) DC (1) JE (5)

[94] OT (1) BM (2) JE (2)

[95] OT (1) BM (5) JE (260)

[96] OT (11) NT (4) BM (31) DC (4) JE (370)

[97] NT (1) BM (3) JE (60)

[98] BM (1) DC (4) JE (360)

[99] BM (1) JE (3) JE: “I lay down as a most certain rule, that when God doth require us to do what he himself doth promise”

[100] NT (1) BM (3) JE (60)

[101] OT (9) NT (1) BM (2) DC (2) Je (25+)

[102] OT (10) BM (6) DC (1) JE (60)

[103] BM (2) JE (60) JE: “the fullness of all things, without which all the world is empty, no better than nothing, yea, worse than nothing.”

[104] OT (12) BM (7) DC (1) JE (160)

[105] BM (6) JE (20)

[106] BM (3) JE (6) JE: “We are all born of the same mother earth , and thither we shall all return”

[107] OT (1) BM (1) JE (10)

[108] OT (7) BM (4) DC (5) JE (5)

[109] OT (3) NT (12) BM (7) DC (3) JE (45)

[110] OT (1) NT (1) BM (8) DC (1) JE (20)

[111] OT (3) NT (1) BM (2) PGP (1) JE (3)

[112] BM (3)

[113] “judged of God” BM (2) JE (1) JE: “Let all be exhorted to judge themselves, that they may not be judged of God hereafter.”

[114] BM (2)

[115] BM (6) JE (25)

[116] OT (1) NT (1) BM (2) JE (8)

[117] BM (4)

[118] BM (1) JE (3)

[119] BM (1) JE (3)

[120] OT (1) BM (6) DC (1) JE (15)

[121] BM (8)

[122] BM (1) JE (30)

[123] BM (3)

[124] BM (1) PGP (3) JE (70)

[125] NT (6) BM (14) DC (1) JE (4)

[126] Bm (6) JE (1)

[127] BM (1) JE (1)

[128] OT (1) BM (1) JE (5) JE: “tis more to you that you have been Kept from wounding your soul as some others have done”

[129] BM (7) JE (4) JE: “The danger of falling into the hands of cruel enemies, that will probably torture us to death, is more terrible.”

[130] “the hands of your enemies” BM (2) DC (1) “the hands of their enemies” BM (2) “the hands of our enemies” BM (2)

[131] OT (3) NT (1) BM (10) DC (3) JE (40)

[132] “have no power over you” BM (2)

[133] OT (3) NT (2) BM (2) DC (2) JE (5)

[134] OT (4) NT (2) BM (54) DC (2) JE (120)

[135] “contentions among” NT (1) BM (13) JE (10)

[136] BM (1) DC (1)

[137] OT (8) NT (2) BM (4)

[138] NT (2) BM (2) DC (1) JE (2)

[139] BM (1) JE (1) JE: “wo pronounced against him that uses his neighbours work without wages”

[140] BM (4)

[141] BM (2)

[142] NT (1) BM (2) JE (4)

[143] “damnation  to his own soul” BM (1)

[144] BM (3)

[145] NT (1) BM (2) DC (1) JE (10)

[146] NT (9) BM (20) DC (6) JE (100s)

[147] BM (1) JE (12)

[148] BM (15) DC (5) JE (18)

[149] BM (6) DC (2) JE (500+)

[150] NT (6) BM (4) DC (1) PGP (1) JE (120)

[151] BM (2) JE (10) JE: “ "his reward is with him to render to every man according as his work shall be," paraphrasing “And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be.” (Revelation 22:12)

[152] BM (1) JE (40)

[153] BM (2) JE (20) JE: “The gloriousness of God is the very principal thing of all that we are taught concerning God in the holy Scriptures”

[154] BM (2)

[155] NT (1) BM (6) DC (3) JE (7)

[156] NT (3) BM (3) JE (50)

[157] BM (1) JE (20)

[158] NT (1) BM (1) JE (1)

[159] BM (4) DC (1) JE (3) JE: “if they did, it would have no place in their hearts” NT: “my word hath no place in you” (John 8:37)

[160] BM (1) JE (8)

[161] BM (2)

[162] “come out in” BM (5) JE (5) “cometh out in” BM (1)

[163] BM (3) JE (6) JE: “ it was but a few months before they came to that violence of spirit, in open rebellion against God”

[164] BM (3) “enemy of all righteousness” NT (1) BM (1) JE (1)

[165] NT (1) BM (7) DC (1) JE (15)

[166] BM (4) DC (1)

[167] BM (4) JE (10)

[168] BM (6) JE (15) JE: “ they did not satisfy because the demands of justice still remained”

[169] BM (1) JE (90)

[170] BM (1) JE (12)

[171] BM (1) JE (75) JE: “Love to God tends to humility, a lively sense of our unworthiness.”

[172] BM (3) JE (20) JE: “their/our own guilt” BM: “his/their own guilt”

[173] BM (6) DC (1) JE (35)

[174] OT (13) NT (2) BM (21) DC (2) PGP (2) JE (35)

[175] BM (3) JE (4)

[176] NT (1) BM (3) DC (4) JE (10)

[177] “their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever” (Revelation 14:11)

[178] BM (2) JE (17)

[179] BM (1) JE (1)

[180] BM (2) JE: “our deliverance from most dreadful torments which shall endure forever” “They who endure the torments of hell, have, doubtless, a most lively and affecting sense of the vastness of an endless eternity”

[181] )t (2) bm (1) dc (1) je (50)

[182] BM (4) JE (1)

[183] NT (1) BM (2) JE (8)

[184] OT (4) NT (1) BM (2) JE (12)

[185] NT (1) BM (5) JE (20)

[186] BM (47) JE (500+)

[187] “awful situation” BM (2)

[188] OT (1) NT (2) BM (14) JE (70) JE: “ The great corruption men are fallen into by the original apostacy, appears in the multitude of wicked ways they are inclined to.”

[189] “fallen into transgression” BM (4)


Sunday, April 6, 2025

The topstone

 

The Work of Redemption with respect to the grand design in general as it relates to the universal subject and end of it, is carried on from the fall ‹of man to the end of the world› in a different manner, not merely by the repeating and renewing the same effect on the different subjects of it, but by many successive works and dispensations of God, all tending to one great end and effect, all united as the several parts of a scheme, and altogether making up one great work. 

Like an house or temple that is building, first the workmen are sent forth, then the materials are gathered, then the ground fitted, then the foundation is laid, then the superstructure erected one part after another, till at length the topstone is laid. 

And all is finished. 

Now the Work of Redemption in that large sense that has been explained may be compared to such a building that is carrying on from the fall of man to the end of the world. 

God went about it immediately after the fall of man. Some things were7 done towards this building then, immediately as may be hereafter shown; and so God has gone as it were getting materials and building ever since, and so will go on to the end of the world. 

And then the time shall come when the topstone shall be brought forth and all will appear complete and consummate. 

The glorious structure will then stand forth in its proper perfection.


http://edwards.yale.edu/archive?path=aHR0cDovL2Vkd2FyZHMueWFsZS5lZHUvY2dpLWJpbi9uZXdwaGlsby9nZXRvYmplY3QucGw/Yy44OjQud2plby4zNDI5NTU=

And now the whole Work of Redemption is finished. We have seen how it has been carrying on from the fall of man to this time. But now 'tis complete with respect to all that7 belongs to it. Now the topstone of the building is laid. In the progress of the discourse on this subject we have followed the church of God in all the great changes, all her tossings to and fro that [she] is subject to in all the storms and tempests through the many ages of the world, till at length we have seen an end to all these storms. We have seen [her] enter the harbor and landed in the highest heavens, in complete and everlasting glory, in all her members, body and soul. We have gone through time, through the several ages of it, as the providence of God and the word of God have led us, and now we have issued into eternity after time shall be no more. We have seen all the church's enemies fixed in endless misery, and have seen the church presented in her perfect redemption before the Father in heaven, there to enjoy that most unspeakable and inconceivable glory and blessedness, and there we leave her to enjoy this glory throughout the never-ending ages of eternity.

8Now all Christ's enemies will all be perfectly put under his feet, and he shall have his most perfect triumph over sin, and Satan and all his instruments, and death and hell.9 Now shall all the promises made to Christ by God the Father before the foundation of the world, the promises of the covenant of redemption, be fully accomplished. And Christ shall now perfectly have obtained the joy that was set before him, for which he undertook those great sufferings he underwent in his state of humiliation.1 Now shall all the hopes and expectations of the saints be fulfilled. The state of things that the church was in before was a progressive and preparatory state, but now she is arrived in her most perfect state of glory. All the glory of the glorious times of the church on earth is but a faint shadow of this, her consummate glory in heaven.

And now shall Christ the great Redeemer be most2 perfectly glorified, and God the Father shall be glorified in him,3 and the Holy Ghost shall [be] most fully glorified in the perfection of his work in the hearts of all the church. And now shall that new heaven and new earth, or that renewed state of things that had been building up ever since Christ's resurrection, be completely finished after the very material frame of the old heavens and old earth are destroyed, Revelation 21:1, "And I saw a new heaven and new earth: for the first heaven and first earth were passed away."

And now will the great Redeemer have perfected every thing that appertains to the Work of Redemption which he began so soon after the fall of man. And who can conceive of the triumph and glory of those praises which shall be sung in heaven on this great occasion...


1808 Kindle 15702


6.9 By what has been said we may see the usefulness and excellency of the Old Testament. Some are ready to look on the Old Testament as being, as it were, out of date and as if we in these days of the gospel had but little to do with it; which is a very great mistake, arising from want of observing the nature and design of the Old Testament, which if it was observed it would appear full of the gospel of Christ, and would in an excellent manner illustrate and confirm the glorious doctrines and promises of the New Testament. Those parts of the Old Testament which are commonly looked upon as containing the least divine instruction are, as it were, as mines and treasures of gospel knowledge, and the reason why they are thought to contain so little is because persons do but superficially read them. The treasures that are hid underneath are not observed. They only look on the top of the ground, and so suddenly pass a judgment that there is nothing there, but they never dig into the mine; if they did they would find it richly stored with silver and gold, and would be abundantly1 requited for their labors.

What has been said may show us what a precious treasure God has committed into our hands in that he has given us the Bible. How little do most persons consider how much they enjoy in that they have the possession of that holy book the Bible which they have in their hearts and may converse with as they please. What an excellent book is this, and how far exceeding all human writings: that reveals God to us and gives us a view of the grand design and glorious scheme of his providence, from the beginning to the end of the world, either in history or prophecy, that reveals the great Redeemer and his glorious

-- 291 --

redemption, and the various steps by which God accomplishes it from the first foundation to the topstone. Shall we prize a history that gives us a clear account of some great earthly prince or mighty warrior, as of Alexander the Great or Julius Caesar, or the duke of Marlborough, and shall we not prize the history that God has given us of the glorious kingdom of his2 son, Jesus Christ, the prince and savior of the world, and the wars and other great transactions of that king of kings and lord of armies,3 the lord mighty in battle, the history of the things he has wrought for the redemption of his chosen people.

7.4 What has been said may make us sensible how much most persons are to blame for their inattentive, unobservant way of reading the Scriptures. How much does the Scripture contain if it was but observed the Bible is the most comprehensive book in the world. But what will all this signify to us if we read it without observing what is the drift of the Holy Ghost in it. The psalmist, Psalms 119:185 begs of God, that he would enlighten his eyes that he might "behold wondrous things come of his law." The Scripture is full of wondrous things. Those histories that are commonly read as if they were only histories of the private concerns of such and such particular persons, such as the histories of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and Joseph, and the history of Ruth, and the histories of particular lawgivers and6 princes, as the history of Joshua and the judges, and David and other Israelitish princes, are accounts of vastly greater things, things of greater importance and more extensive concernment than they that read them are commonly aware of. Scripture histories are very commonly read as if they were stories written only to entertain men's fancies, and to while away their leisure hours, when the infinitely great things contained or pointed at in them are passed over and never taken notice of.

Whatever treasures the Scriptures contain we shall be never the better for them if we don't observe what is there. He that has a Bible, and don't observe what is contained [in] it, is like a man that has a box full of silver and gold, and don't know it, don't observe that it is anything more than a vessel filled with common stones. As long as it is thus with him, he'll be never the better for his treasure. For he that

-- 292 --

don't know7 he has a treasure will never make use of what he had, and so had as good be without it. He that has plenty of the choicest food stored up in his house and don't know it, will never taste what he has and will be as likely to starve as if his house were empty.






Tuesday, March 4, 2025

Urim and Thummim references

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Search criteria: urim and thummim

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Occurrences 1-27:


1. Jonathan Edwards. A History of the Work of... [page 253 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

lost at that time, though the same commands were preserved in the Book of the Law. These tables also were withdrawn on the approach of their antitype. Again (d.). another thing that was lost that the Jews had before was the Urim and Thummim . This is evident by Ezra 2:63, "And the Tirshatha [said unto them], that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there should stand up a priest with Urim and with Thummim." And we have no account of this being ever


2. Jonathan Edwards. A History of the Work of... [page 253 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

2:63, "And the Tirshatha [said unto them], that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there should stand up a priest with Urim and with Thummim." And we have no account of this being ever restored, but the ancient writings of the Jews say the contrary. What this Urim and Thummim was I shall not now inquire, but only shall observe that it was something by which the high priest inquired of 3.12v. God and received immediate answers from him, or by which God gave forth immediate oracles on particular


3. Jonathan Edwards. A History of the Work of... [page 253 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

high priest inquired of 3.12v. God and received immediate answers from him, or by which God gave forth immediate oracles on particular occasions. This was now withdrawn, the time approaching when Christ, the great antitype of the Urim and Thummim , the great word and oracle of God, was to come. Another (e.). thing that the ancient Jews say was wanting in the second temple was the Shekinah or cloud of glory over the mercy seat.


4. Jonathan Edwards. A History of the Work of... [page 288 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

of the Jewish church wherein there was kept up a more extraordinary intercourse between God and them, and while he used to dwell among them, as it were, visibly revealing himself to them by the Shekinah, 4.17v. by Urim and Thummim , and by prophecy, and so more immediately to order their affairs. And it [was] necessary that we should have some account of the great dispensations of God in prophecy that were to be after the finishing of inspired history. And so it was exceeding suitable and needful that there


5. Jonathan Edwards. A History of the Work of... [page 534 | Paragraph | Section]

of tables of law3.12r  (d.)Loss of Urim and Thummim  (e.)Loss of Shekhinah3.12v


6. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 150 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

t, 21, [25], 424, 1159 Unpardonable sin, 297, 355, 380, 406, 475, 703, 706, 707, 872, see note on Luke 11:24–26 Unregenerate men, 164 Urim and thummim , 240 Usury, 1117 V Vanity of the world, 725 Virtue, true, makes God its supreme end, 1208 Visible Christians, 335, 338, 345, 377, 462, 689, 722, 873, 1011 Visible church, its head, 1011 Vision beatifical,


7. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 355 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

of God" [1 Corinthians 2:14]. 240. URIM AND THUMMIM. There has been great inquiry, what was that urim and thummim that was in the breastplate of the high priest, whereas I think we have it plainly described in Exodus 28:17–21. Matthew Poole summarized the inquiry up to his time in


8. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 355 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

in the same year as the first volume of Poole's Synopsis, but Poole ignored it in the Annotations (1683). Prideaux (see n. 2 below) mentioned Spencer but dismissed his ideas as "absurd and impious." Spencer had identified the urim and thummim with the teraphim and had cited parallels from Egyptian priestly divination. Poole considered the urim and thummim a "singular piece of Divine Workmansip," now indescribable, required as a condition for obtaining answers from God, and for Prideaux they meant simply the "divine vertue and


9. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 355 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

in the Annotations (1683). Prideaux (see n. 2 below) mentioned Spencer but dismissed his ideas as "absurd and impious." Spencer had identified the urim and thummim with the teraphim and had cited parallels from Egyptian priestly divination. Poole considered the urim and thummim a "singular piece of Divine Workmansip," now indescribable, required as a condition for obtaining answers from God, and for Prideaux they meant simply the "divine vertue and power" which the breastplate possessed when properly used. And I don't see that, from anything said in


10. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 355 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

said in Scripture about it, we have reason to think it any other than those twelve precious stones with the names of the twelve tribes on them. And when it is said in Exodus 28:30, "And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the urim and thummim ," it is as if he had said thus, thou [shalt] put in the breastplate the urim and thummim which has been described. The drift of this verse does not seem to be to order anything new, but only to give a name to that which had been before described and to tell the use of it, viz. that Aaron


11. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 355 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

stones with the names of the twelve tribes on them. And when it is said in Exodus 28:30, "And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the urim and thummim," it is as if he had said thus, thou [shalt] put in the breastplate the urim and thummim which has been described. The drift of this verse does not seem to be to order anything new, but only to give a name to that which had been before described and to tell the use of it, viz. that Aaron might bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the Lord


12. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 355 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

Every jewel stood for a tribe, and had the name of that tribe written on it that it stood for. God's people are called his jewels. So Christ bears our judgment; that is, he is our representative in judgment and, as to God's dealings with respect to his law, he stands for us. The name " urim and thummim " signifies light and perfection; and it being 'tis the plural number, may more properly be rendered "glisterings" (or "brightnesses") and "beauties," because of the charming appearances that the jewels made by their different kinds of glisterings, and the beautiful proportion


13. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 356 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

that those jewels represented is in Psalms 50:2 called by a name that is much like to this, viz. "the perfection of beauty.") Some say there was an extraordinary brightness given those jewels beyond what was natural to them. That the urim and thummim were not two distinct things in the breastplate appears, because sometimes when they are spoken of, but one of the names are mentioned; it's called urim only, as Numbers 27:21 and 1


14. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 356 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

was engraved "holiness to the Lord"; which the high priest was to have on his forehead, that he might bear the iniquity of the children of Israel, and that he might be accepted when he came in before the Lord (as Exodus 28:38). By the urim and thummim he was to bear the judgment of the children of Israel on his heart; by this plate of gold he was to bear the iniquity of the children of Israel on his head. We find them both mentioned after the same manner, where we have an account of Moses putting the holy garments upon Aaron, as in


15. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 356 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

the miter, even upon his forefront, did he put the golden plate, the holy crown, as the Lord commanded Moses." That which was properly called the breastplate, was a cloth curiously wrought, doubled (as Exodus 28:15–16), and the urim and thummim was Here occur the words, "that plate of gold that was fastened on it with"; JE deleted them at the same time he changed the page reference to Prideaux (see next note). the four rows of stones set in it Exodus


16. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 356 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

n. 2]), and then or later went back and changed the page reference in No. 240 to fit that edition. In the passage to which JE refers, Prideaux contends that the ark which the Israelites carried into battle was not the ark of the covenant but a chest containing the ephod and breastplate. The urim and thummim , by the beauty and excellency of its appearance was as proper to obtain acceptance and counsel of God, as incense by the sweetness of its smell was to render their prayers and sacrifices acceptable. It will [be] objected, that if the urim and thummim were nothing but


17. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 357 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

and breastplate. The urim and thummim, by the beauty and excellency of its appearance was as proper to obtain acceptance and counsel of God, as incense by the sweetness of its smell was to render their prayers and sacrifices acceptable. It will [be] objected, that if the urim and thummim were nothing but that plate of gold with the jewels in it, why is it said in Ezra and Nehemiah, that those priests that could not prove their genealogy should not eat of the most holy things till there stood up a priest with urim and thummim (as Ezra


18. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 357 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

acceptable. It will [be] objected, that if the urim and thummim were nothing but that plate of gold with the jewels in it, why is it said in Ezra and Nehemiah, that those priests that could not prove their genealogy should not eat of the most holy things till there stood up a priest with urim and thummim (as Ezra 2:63)? for if it had been only gold and jewels they could have gotten them before now. I answer, so if it had been any other material thing they could have gotten them as well as those jewels. But it seems that being


19. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 357 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

But it seems by this, that they expected to get them in a short time; which if it had been something that must be immediately given by God, they had not so much reason to expect it, for it seems that God had denied them hitherto. But if the objection be allowed, all that it can argue is that the urim and thummim was not any material thing, but a power given to the breastplate of foretelling or of obtaining divine responses. For we can't imagine in reason, that any material thing was expected to be sent down from heaven, to be put into the breastplate; but Lev.


20. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 357 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

but Leviticus 8:8 proves it was [a] material thing. Therefore, if they had those jewels in the breastplate at that time, the reason of their speaking in this manner must be, because they did not think them worthy the name of urim and thummim till they had such a power given them as MS: "and." the former urim and thummim had. 241. REGENERATION. It may be in the new birth as it is in the first birth. The


21. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 357 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

thing. Therefore, if they had those jewels in the breastplate at that time, the reason of their speaking in this manner must be, because they did not think them worthy the name of urim and thummim till they had such a power given them as MS: "and." the former urim and thummim had. 241. REGENERATION. It may be in the new birth as it is in the first birth. The vivification of the fetus in the womb is exceeding gradual; the vital operations of it arise from the most imperfect


22. Jonathan Edwards. The "Miscellanies": (Entry Nos.... [page 432 | Paragraph | Sub2Sect | SubSect | Section]

MS: "most." importance that we should have the history of those times of the Jewish church, wherein there was kept up a more immediate and extraordinary intercourse between God and them, and [God] used to dwell amongst them as it were visibly, revealing himself by shechinah, by urim and thummim , and by prophecy, and so more immediately to order their affairs. It was exceeding suitable that there should be a number of prophets raised up successively, one after another, who should foretell the coming of the Son of God, and the nature and glory of his kingdom, to be as so many


23. Jonathan Edwards. Notes on Scripture (WJE Online... [page 91 | Paragraph | Section]

in the breastplate of judgment the Urim," etc. Called "the breastplate of judgment," because in matters of judgment that were too hard for the judge, they I.e. the Children of Israel. Word broken at margin. were to come to the priest, who was to inquire of God by Urim and Thummim in the breastplate for a determination, according to Deuteronomy 17:8–9. 144. Deuteronomy 12:20. "When the Lord thy God shall enlarge thy


24. Jonathan Edwards. The "Blank Bible" (WJE Online Vol.... [page 242 | Paragraph | SubSect | Section]

Deuteronomy 17:8–9 ff. Exodus 28:30.] See no. 143. Works, 15, 91. " Urim and Thummim ," see "Miscellanies," no. 240. Ibid., 13, 355–57. This sentence and the remainder of the paragraph are later additions. See Mr. Glas's Notes on Scripture-Texts, No. 3, pp. 9 ff.


25. Jonathan Edwards. The "Blank Bible" (WJE Online Vol.... [page 242 | Paragraph | SubSect | Section]

9 ff. No copy of John Glas, Notes on Scripture-Texts, No. 4, has been located, but that publication is printed in The Works of Mr. John Glas (2nd ed., 5 vols. Perth, 1782–83). In an essay entitled " Urim and Thummim ," Glas (1695–1773), a Scottish minister of the independent Presbyterian type, identifies these terms as references to "lights" or "shinings from the Shechinah" on the stones in the breastplate of the high priest. Glas also asserts that Christ, the true high priest, is the true Urim


26. Jonathan Edwards. The "Blank Bible" (WJE Online Vol.... [page 242 | Paragraph | SubSect | Section]

and Thummim," Glas (1695–1773), a Scottish minister of the independent Presbyterian type, identifies these terms as references to "lights" or "shinings from the Shechinah" on the stones in the breastplate of the high priest. Glas also asserts that Christ, the true high priest, is the true Urim and Thummim (III, 168–74). JE received Glas's publications from John Erskine, his correspondent in Scotland. See Works, 15, 579, n. 7. See SSS. Poole, Synopsis


27. Jonathan Edwards. Minor Controversial Writings (WJE... [Paragraph | Section]

17:4

Numbers 17:4Leviticus 16:2Leviticus 9:6. ANOTHER STANDING MIRACLE promised, was God's manifesting his mind by Urim and Thummim , if that was different, as Exodus 28:30Numbers 27:21. And This paragraph is deleted with a vertical line.